Effects of sterilization on territory fidelity and maintenance, pair bonds, and survival rates of free-ranging coyotes
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چکیده
Predation on sheep by coyotes (Canis latrans) is a longstanding problem for sheep producers. Current research suggests that surgical sterilization of coyotes could prove to be an effective method of reducing their depredation rates on domestic sheep by modifying their predatory behavior. However, for sterilization to be a viable management tool, the territorial and affiliative behaviors of pack members would need to remain in place. We tested whether surgically sterilized coyotes maintained pair bonds and territories in the same manner as intact coyotes. We also examined if territory fidelity and survival rates differed between sterile and intact coyotes. From June 1997 to April 2000, 10 males and 9 females were sham-operated and radio-collared, while 20 males and 6 females were surgically sterilized and radio-collared. We monitored members of 5 sterile and 4 intact packs during 1998, 6 sterile and 7 intact packs during 1999, and 4 sterile and 6 intact packs through the 2000 breeding season. Behaviorally, sterile packs appeared to be no different than intact packs. A half-weight association index showed that social dyads within sterile coyote packs were located together as frequently as dyads within intact packs. Simultaneous radiolocations of members of sterile packs showed that members of sterile packs were significantly closer to each other than would be expected from random locations. There was no difference in size or degree of overlap between territories of sterile and shamoperated coyote packs. Sterile coyotes had a higher annual survival rate than reproductive animals in 2 of the 3 years, and there was no difference in the level of territory fidelity. We concluded that surgical sterilization did not modify the territorial or affiliative behaviors of free-ranging coyotes, and therefore sterile coyotes could be used as a management tool to exclude other potential sheep-killing coyotes. Résumé : La prédation opérée sur les moutons par les Coyotes (Canis latrans) est un problème de longue date pour les éleveurs de moutons. Des recherches récentes indiquent que la stérilisation chirurgicale des coyotes pourrait être une façon efficace de diminuer les taux de prédation exercée sur les moutons domestiques car elle modifie le comportement prédateur des coyotes. Cependant, pour que la stérilisation soit un outil de gestion efficace, il faudrait que les comportements territoriaux et les comportements d’affiliation restent les mêmes. Nous avons vérifié si les coyotes stérilisés par chirurgie sont capables de maintenir la fidélité à un territoire et les liens entre deux individus aussi bien que les coyotes témoins. Nous avons également vérifié si la fidélité au territoire et les taux de survie diffèrent chez les coyotes stérilisés et les coyotes intacts. De juin 1997 à avril 2000, nous avons procédé à des opérations simulées sur 10 mâles et 9 femelles et stérilisé vraiment 20 mâles et 6 femelles et nous avons muni tous ces animaux d’un collier émetteur. Nous avons suivi ainsi 5 meutes stériles et 4 intactes en 1998, 6 stériles et 7 intactes en 1999 et 4 stériles et 6 intactes pendant la saison de reproduction 2000. Le comportement des meutes stériles ne semblait pas différer de celui des meutes témoins. Un coefficient d’association (« half-weight association index ») a montré que les dyades sociales au sein des meutes stériles se retrouvaient ensemble aussi souvent que les dyades au sein des meutes intactes. Le repérage simultané par radio de membres des meutes stériles a permis de constater que les individus des meutes stériles se tiennent plus près les uns des autres que s’ils étaient répartis au hasard. Nous n’avons pas observé de différences dans la taille des territoires ou l’importance du recoupement entre les meutes stériles et les meutes qui n’ont subi que des opérations simulées. Le taux de survie annuel des coyotes stériles s’est révélé plus élevé que celui des coyotes reproducteurs au cours de 2 des 3 années de l’étude et les deux groupes avaient le même degré de fidélité au territoire. Nous concluons que la stérilisation par chirurgie ne modifie pas les comportements territoriaux ou les affiliations chez les coyotes en nature. Les coyotes stérilisés pourraient ainsi être utilisés en gestion pour assurer l’exclusion d’autres coyotes prédateurs de moutons. [Traduit par la Rédaction] 392
منابع مشابه
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تاریخ انتشار 2017